The cartridge casing exists to form a seal against the breach end of the barrel. It doesn’t go anywhere. It just expands slightly from the high pressure gases inside, preventing those gases from escaping out the back, propelling the bullet forward with as much pressure as possible.
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The casing doesn’t leave the rifle until you pull the bolt back. Also, 100 yards (300 feet).
e: I’m now hearing 200 yards.
The cartridge casing exists to form a seal against the breach end of the barrel. It doesn’t go anywhere. It just expands slightly from the high pressure gases inside, preventing those gases from escaping out the back, propelling the bullet forward with as much pressure as possible.